• In another study Yerra and

  2024-04-08

  

  In another study, Yerra and Kumar (2016) used streptozotocin to induce diabetic neuropathy in rats. Mechanical/thermal hyperalgesia, motor/sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) and sciatic nerve blood flow (NBF) were evaluated. In vitro studies of Neuro2a (N2A) cell culture were perfor

• In contrast to the beneficial treatment of skin inflammation

  2024-04-08

  

  In contrast to the beneficial treatment of skin-inflammation with PAH containing coal tar, epidemiology showed that environmental pollution, containing AHR-activating PAH, lead to more eczema [80]. Of note, other epidemiological data suggested that Th17 cell polarization may be enhanced air pollutio

• In this study in an effort to explore

  2024-04-08

  

  In this study, in an effort to explore the possible role of 5-HT6 receptors in mediating the memory-enhancing effects of YL-0919, we first assessed the memory-enhancing effects of YL-0919 in the Morris water maze, object recognition test and step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, we then inv

• Macrophage polarization is linked to activation of the ligan

  2024-04-08

  

  Macrophage polarization is linked to activation of the ligand-dependent transcription factor PPARγ. Recently, Odegaard et al. demonstrated with a macrophage-specific deletion of PPARγ in mice that alternative macrophage activation is impaired [14]. We provided evidence that contact to apoptotic EPZ0

• The anorexic effect observed when AR is infused into the

  2024-04-08

  

  The anorexic effect observed when AR231630 is infused into the VTA could be the result of the DA release inhibition, as previously described [11]. However, there is also a hedonic aspect in feeding that possibly involves dopaminergic mechanisms of reward. Helm et al. showed a functional link between

• AXL is a member of the TAM Tyro

  2024-04-08

  

  AXL is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) [4]. Elevated AXL expression could promote oncogenic processes such as cell growth, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which substantially contribute to tumor progression and poo

• Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degrad

  2024-04-08

  

  Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degradation process including three major forms namely microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. A large number of evidence has depicted a pivotal role for autophagy in the maintenance of cardiac geometry and contractile fu

• ASK belongs to the family

  2024-04-07

  

  ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress dire

• In our approach using BRET and FRET

  2024-04-07

  

  In our approach using BRET and FRET, there is a substantial increase in BRET and FRET signals between Giα2 or Giα3-YFP and CFP- Gγ2/Rluc-Gγ2 upon apelin-13 activation, indicating that Gαi2, Gαi3 and N-terminus of Gβ1γ2 subunits become closer without subunit dissociation. In contrast, both the FRET a

• Protein arrays provide a new approach for the

  2024-04-07

  

  Protein arrays provide a new approach for the identification of substrates for several protein-modifying enzymes. For example, protein kinase substrate identification, which constitutes an important aspect of pathway mapping because of the prevalence of these substrates in biological pathways. MacB

• Under some pathological conditions AT R internalization

  2024-04-07

  

  Under some pathological conditions, AT1R internalization is decreased when agonist exposure is prolonged. This weakens or removes the AT1R desensitization effect and leads to AT1R and downstream signal overactivation. AT1R overactivation can result in continued biological effects such as sustained v

• The androgen receptor gene AR

  2024-04-07

  

  The androgen receptor gene (AR) is located on the X-chromosome and consists of eight exons in humans (Brown et al., 1989; Kuiper et al., 1989). The similar gene structure in mice, monotremes and marsupials indicates AR is highly conserved in mammals (Choong et al., 1998; Faber et al., 1991; He et al

• Aggregated A species have been studied by an array of

  2024-04-07

  

  Aggregated Aβ species have been studied by an array of biophysical techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) [55], transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [56], [57], X-ray diffraction [58], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) [59], [60], circular dichroism (CD) [61], and nuclear magnetic res

• Synthesis of the pterin carboxamides was achieved as

  2024-04-07

  

  Synthesis of the pterin-7-carboxamides was achieved, as shown in , based on a previously reported method that utilizes DBU as a key additive to dissolve pterin in organic solvents and accelerate the reaction., With this method, the pterin-amino RGDfK conjugates (–) were readily obtained by simply

• br Regulation of AHR Activity AHR

  2024-04-07

  

  Regulation of AHR Activity AHR activity is regulated in various ways. First, AHR protein levels are controlled via ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation: Ligand binding induces AHR ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome [5]. AIP, a component of the AHR chaperone complex,

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